Citizendium Blog

April 29, 2007

Digitizing parliamentary procedure

Filed under: Editors, Governance — Larry Sanger @ 6:02 pm

What follows is a mail I posted to the Citizendium Editorial Council, in hopes of kicking off a discussion of parliamentary procedure — something essential to the fair operation of a genuinely democratic body.  Does anyone know of precedents in which wikis, mailing lists, and/or Web forums were used to replicate something like Robert’s Rules of Order?

More generally, does anyone have any comments about this?  Please give us your thoughts — either on the Forum, if you’re a Citizen, or else here, if not.

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April 27, 2007

Earth Portal re-launches

Filed under: Other projects — Larry Sanger @ 1:12 pm

OneCosmos, then ManyOne, then the Digital Universe, and now the Earth Portal — the vision changes, but eventually, I think my former colleagues will get it right.  Today they took a positive step forward by, for the first time, inviting the general public to participate; the arena for public participation is the EarthForum.  There is also a redesigned news feature.  The other major feature of the Earth Portal is something I helped get off the ground — the Encyclopedia of Earth, to which they have recently added e-books, which is a nice feature.  The whole package was recently made the subject of a press release.

Reply to Nicholas Carr

Filed under: Press & blogs, Theory — Larry Sanger @ 10:26 am

Nick Carr used snippets from my recent essay on Edge,Who Says We Know: On the New Politics of Knowledge,” as an excuse to rant on at great length yesterday.  Apparently, Nick says, I didn’t just hit a nerve, I hit three nerves.

Well, I think Nick should be on my side, and his charming rant is based primarily on misunderstanding.  Let me explain.

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Citizendium story leads Assignment Zero to fork

Filed under: Press & blogs — Larry Sanger @ 6:48 am

Well, it’s not as dramatic as you might think.  It seems Assignment Zero is doing a big story about CZ (”Citizendium: The Emergence of Professionalized Crowdsourcing“) and apparently they made a deal with Wired.com, so that the story is going to appear there.  Consequently, they’re somehow spinning off just the Big Story — meaning, of course, the one about CZ.

By the way – you folks working on Assignment Zero – “professionalized” might not be the best description.  Neither Jason Potkanski nor I are being paid very much for our involvement.  In fact, it’s kind of embarrassing; we aren’t proud of it, and we’d like to change the situation.  :)  And, of course, nobody else on our personnel roster is getting paid, either.  Seriously, there’s an important difference that I’ve discovered recently (not that this is rocket science or anything) between professionalism and “expertism.”  CZ is a wiki with experts — not necessarily with professionals.  We’re expert-friendly, but, considering that hardly anybody’s getting paid, we’re not particularly professional-friendly.  On the other hand, we require professional behavior, but that’s another matter.

I think CZ should return the favor.  They can write a news article about us, and we can write an encyclopedia article about them!

UPDATE (4/27/2007): here’s our article about Assignment Zero, in progress.

April 26, 2007

A sovereign community

Filed under: Governance, Theory — Larry Sanger @ 9:27 am

Just a brief note — an attempt to insert a powerful idea into your brains.

I conceive of the Citizendium as an unusual kind of community.  Once it is off the ground, and the work of setting up governance bodies and leaders has been established, it will not be beholden to anything other than the Citizendium Charter (anticipated by our Statement of Fundamental Policies, but not yet drafted) and the various balanced bodies that execute it.

I don’t want decisions ultimately to be made by any small, stable group of people who make up a non-profit board, or (of course) the owners of a private business, or the shareholders of a public corporation.  I want society to recognize a new social fact: that there can be rule-governed communities that live online, whose membership is much more fluid, and which are directed by their members, according to agreed-upon rules.

Many open source projects are essentially “benevolent dictatorships,” and others are oligarchies.  But there are relatively few examples of communities that are really genuinely self-governed, particularly according to an established charter.  Many communities give lip service to democratic governance, but due to the lack of clear, enumerated rules that are actually enforced, they end up more closely resembling mob rule.

We can do better.

April 21, 2007

Big update

Filed under: Editors, Governance, Project growth, Press & blogs, Technology, Authors, Constables — Larry Sanger @ 5:11 pm

Our launch, which happened about a month ago, was a tremendous success. It generated well over 200 mentions of CZ in the press (by the Google News count), but more importantly, we ballooned from 820 authors just prior to launch to 1504 as I write this – almost doubling our numbers. For this we have our wonderful constables, such as Robert Tito, David Tribe, and Sarah Tuttle, to thank. Our editor pool has grown from 180 to 228 (and, as usual I’m afraid, a long backlog waiting to get in). The number of “CZ Live” articles has grown from 1100 to 1550 — a respectable rate of about 15 articles per day, and certainly a higher rate than we had a few months ago. Actually, the number of articles we’ve created is higher than that, because while doing the Big Cleanup, we have removed many “CZ Live” tags from articles that were mistagged.

Speaking of that, the Big Cleanup continues apace. Whereas we had checklisted 721 articles on April 4, we now have 1400.  That’s well over half of all the article pages on the wiki. With 23%, or 327, of these articles “Advanced” (either Approved or Developed), and another 32%, or 442, “Developing,” well over half of the articles in our database are beyond stub stage and have been significantly changed, if they were taken from Wikipedia (and many haven’t been).  More detail, albeit a week old, can be found in this very useful stats post from mathematician Aleksander Stos.

I can assure you that, after only five months, that’s excellent work. After five months, the average level of quality of articles on Wikipedia was far below this. We’re even doing respectably compared to where Wikipedia was at this time in terms of sheer numbers of articles — despite our first four months being a private pilot project, requiring sign-up, and requiring the use of real names. Also, I suspect we have more sheer content than Wikipedia did at the time, but actually confirming this suspicion would take a lot of work.

We want to cut the response time to editor applications. So we are getting more Editorial Personnel Administrators started, including Richard Jensen, a retired history professor who has done a lot of work on the wiki lately (I recommend the Abraham Lincoln article he started); Gareth Leng, U. of Edinburgh physiologist; Nancy Sculerati, NYU medical school professor; and Anthony Sebastian, UCSF medical school professor. That’s in addition to Bernard Haisch, astrophysicist, and me. This is currently very science-heavy, I know…something we’ll remedy as we go along.

Yesterday, we finally started the Editorial Council with 39 members. On the mailing list, which is members-only but which has open archives, we’ve just been introducing ourselves; we’ll actually start business next week.

After a post calling for applications from people to fill self-designed leadership positions, we’ve had a number of submissions, most of which are still under review. Nancy Sculerati will be joining us in an additional editorial role, such as article approval director, but the details have yet to be settled. Sorin Matei, Purdue U. Communications Dept. professor, has proposed that he lead “Eduzendium,” a project that would invite student groups, under the guidance of professors, to contribute to us for academic credit. This one is low-hanging fruit so it’s likely we’ll take him up on his offer. Sorin has also proposed some more technical projects, including one that involves geocoding wiki data. There are others people and proposals, as well, but the Executive Committee, like myself, has been extremely busy. We’ll get replies out sooner or later.

Another sort of project: there is an entrepreneur who is very interested in supporting the work of CZ tech lead, Jason Potkanski, and I on a partnered Citizendium project that would make a significant new enhancement to MediaWiki — and which would use Citizendium as the test bed for this enhancement. Any such enhancements, of course, will be open to community discussion; the great thing is that basically he wants us to give him the software requirements. This is a “classic win-win,” since Jason and I need the support, CZ will be greatly improved by this software (it’s a feature I’ve wanted for a long time), and the entrepreneur wants to market the servicing of the (free/GPL) software. Details anon, pending a signed agreement.

The Executive Committee and other governing bodies are now named on a new Personnel page.  There you will notice three new additions: Stephen Ewen, one of our many hard-working constables, has agreed to act as Assistant to the Chief Constable, relieving some of Ruth Ifcher’s workload; Kelly Patterson has joined us as Fundraising Assistant; and Louise Valmoria has been busy setting up mailing lists for individual workgroups.

Speaking of mailing lists, Louise has created many lists and is putting finishing touches on them. I believe we can expect in the next week or two the announcement of a few dozen new mailing lists, focused on announcing to editors and authors new developments and policy questions that need deciding, and directing them to specific wiki pages and forum boards for further action & interaction.

I think and hope that this will prove instrumental in bringing editors and editors in particular workgroups together and focused on getting articles approved and, we hope, recruitment. The existence of the Editorial Council may help here, too. One question we will be addressing is how to improve the methods and categories of approved articles. One proposal being discussed on the forums would create a “Proof” page for copyediting. Another proposal would have us simply link to approved versions in page histories and forego a “Draft” page altogether. Another would have us designate a stricter category of “Certified” articles, which can be approved only by people with relatively narrowly-focused expertise on the topic of the articles, and open up the category of “Approved” articles in various ways (e.g., to a long-anticipated category of “assistant editors” or “specialist editors” that would give some approval authority to graduate students). Yet another proposal would have us make more prominent use of the category of Developed articles (now linked from the front page).

These are, however, just proposals at this stage. It’s pretty likely that we’ll make some such changes. As I’ve said, I’m committed to our finally adopting an approval process that allows and inspires people to approve large numbers of articles. Consider our current stock of 12 very fine approved articles evidence merely of our first baby steps in working out what the process should be. I’m going to see to it that the pace picks up.

Speaking of approved articles, we have finally approved our first Computers article, about the Linux mascot Tux. Congratulations to all involved, and especially to the 18-year-old Josh Williams who did a lot of the authoring, and the three Computers editors who stepped up to the plate. Hope you fellows can approve a bunch more now!

One Citizen has been in communication with the subject of a biography, Gilad Atzmon, which inspired us to create a new namespace, TI: (for “topic informant“). We’re going to use this namespace to place (with permission!) communications, interviews, and relevant essays from persons who can act as informants (i.e., interviewees) about topics. It seems to me the “Tux” writers also had an e-mail exchange…that would be the namespace to put it.

We have finally allowed everyone permission, once again, to move pages & their histories, a function previously restricted to constables, simply because vandals were abusing it. Now that there aren’t any vandals left (although we did have a visit a few weeks ago from a vandal who had made an account during the self-registration period), there’s no reason not to let everyone move pages themselves. Note that we haven’t even protected the main page of the wiki.

I finished an essay for online journal Edge called “Who Says We Know: On the New Politics of Knowledge.”

I’m probably forgetting some mentionables…but anyway, that’s long enough. As you can see, we’re making excellent progress, and you can expect even more in the coming months.

April 20, 2007

Citizendium Editorial Council kicks off

Filed under: Editors, Governance, Project growth — Larry Sanger @ 12:26 pm

The Editorial Council has just been kicked off. See CZ Editorial Council Members for a list of members; its wiki home will be at Editorial Council; the section of the Policy Outline that gives its (current!) governing rules is right here; and its mailing list archives are available (little there right now).

April 19, 2007

Who Says We Know: On the New Politics of Knowledge

Filed under: Experts, Theory — Larry Sanger @ 4:17 pm

Edge asked me to sum up my thoughts on the experts vs. dabblers question:

Who Says We Know: On the New Politics of Knowledge 

This is something I’ve been meaning to write for a long time.  Here are a few bits:

… As wonderful as it might be that the hegemony of professionals over knowledge is lessening, there is a downside: our grasp of and respect for reliable information suffers.  …  The new politics of knowledge that I advocate would place experts at the head of the table, but — unlike the old order — gives the general public a place at the table as well.

…consider: what do we most want, as responsible, independent-minded researchers, out of an encyclopedia?  Primarily, I think most of us want mainstream expert opinion stated clearly and accurately; but we don’t want to ignore minority and popular views, either, precisely because we know that experts are sometimes wrong, even systematically wrong.

I’ll have no truck with the view that simply because something is out of the mainstream—unscientific, irrational, speculative, or politically incorrect—it therefore does not belong in an encyclopedia. …

…experts are—albeit fallibly—the best-suited to articulate what expert opinion is.  It is for the most part experts who create the resources that fact-checkers use to check facts.  This makes their direct input in an encyclopedia invaluable.

Wikipedia’s defenders … are entirely committed to what I call dabblerism, by which I mean the view that no one should have any special role or authority in a content creation system simply on account of their expertise. …

… One has to wonder what the results would have been if Nature had chosen 1,000 Britannica articles randomly, and then matched Wikipedia articles up with those.

… Surely it isn’t impossible for professors to exit the cathedral — to borrow Eric Raymond’s metaphor — and wander the bazaar, offering guidance and highlighting what is excellent. Will that necessarily make the bazaar less of a bazaar?

Wikipedia is deeply egalitarian.  One of its guiding principles is epistemic (knowledge) egalitarianism.  According to epistemic egalitarianism, we are all fundamentally equal in our authority or rights to articulate what should pass for knowledge; the only grounds on which a claim can compete against other claims are to be found in the content of the claim itself, never in who makes it.

Ultimately, at the bottom of the debate, the deep modern commitment to specialization is in an epic struggle with an equally deep modern commitment to egalitarianism.  It’s Truth versus Equality, and as much as I love Equality, if it comes down to choosing, I’m on the side of Truth.

There might be some commentary on Edge coming out within the next week.  Could be lots of fun!

April 11, 2007

A simple explanation of why people like to write for wiki encyclopedias

Filed under: Theory — Larry Sanger @ 1:04 pm

I am frequently asked why people (especially experts) would spend any time writing for a free wiki encyclopedia.  I won’t bore you with my usual answers.  I thought of an answer just now that I think is probably more accurate than others I’ve given.

It’s that we love the fact that other people allow some of our own words to pass without significant change.  We naturally take this to mean that our words are correct.  When someone else edits an article to which we have added something, and does not change our words, that is confirmation from that other person that we knew what we were talking about.  And one of the most ego-boosting, personally affirming things that another person can tell you is: “Yes, you really do know that.”  So mutual epistemic congratulation is what is going on, constantly, on the Citizendium and Wikipedia and other similar websites.

Now — go congratulate somebody on his or her knowledge — edit an article! :-)

“Broken beyond repair”–a bit out of context

Filed under: Press & blogs, Other projects — Larry Sanger @ 6:11 am

The London Times asked me to comment about the British Education Secretary’s recommendation of Wikipedia: it is “an incredible force for good in education,” the Secretary is reported as having said.  Of my comment, three words, “broken beyond repair,” have been highlighted.  But this is misleading; my opinion of Wikipedia has not really changed.  Let me give you the whole quote:

I’m afraid that Secretary Johnson does not realize the many problems afflicting Wikipedia, from serious management problems, to an often dysfunctional community, to frequently unreliable content, and to a whole series of scandals. While Wikipedia is still quite useful and an amazing phenomenon, I have come to the view that it is also broken beyond repair.

I don’t wish to dismiss the actual excellent work that many well-meaning Wikipedians have contributed to the resource over the years.  I am commenting first and foremost on Wikipedia’s governance.  Governance is, as I think Clay Shirky said, a “certifiable Hard Problem” (or something to that effect) — but Wikipedia has made a complete mess of it.  Wikipedia’s governance is “broken,” and the ways in which it is broken can’t be fixed — as I said back when I launched the Citizendium.  But, again, that doesn’t mean it isn’t still quite useful.

I can only hope that we on the Citizendium will do better.  I can certainly confirm that it’s a hard problem.

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